PERAN MIKROBIOM PADA INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v46i3.74Abstract
Komposisi mikrobiota saluran reproduksi berkaitan dengan kesehatan reproduksi dan ketahanannya terhadap infeksi menular seksual, terutama pada perempuan. Saluran reproduksi perempuan dan laki-laki dapat terpajan dengan komunitas mikroba asing selama aktivitas seksual. Proteksi oleh mikrobiota vagina sehat terhadap infeksi virus dapat diperankan oleh efek virusidal langsung atau oleh faktor pertahanan alamiah yang terdapat di dalam lingkungan vagina. Flora vagina abnormal yang kekurangan lactobacilli dihubungkan dengan kemudahan terinfeksi Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, serta Trichomonas vaginalis. Pada laki-laki, mikrobiota dapat ditemukan pada genitalia bagian bawah, terutama penis, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh sirkumsisi. Sirkumsisi dapat mengurangi risiko beberapa infeksi menular seksual (IMS), yaitu herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dengan cara mengubah mikrobiota penis dan lingkungan imunitas lokal. Mikrobiota pada rektum juga berperan bila hubungan seksual dilakukan secara anogenital reseptif. Dengan demikian, penularan patogen infeksi menular seksual akan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi mikrobiota genital atau pun rektum.
Kata kunci: mikrobiom, mikrobiota, infeksi menular seksual
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References
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2. Mandar R. Microbiota of male genital tract: Impact on the health of man and his partner. Pharmacol Res. 2013;69:32-41.
3. Aagaard K, Luna RA, Versalovic J. The human microbiome of local body sites and their unique biology. Dalam: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, penyunting. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Edisi ke-8. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2015.h.11-8.
4. Huse SM, Ye Y, Zhou Y, Fodor AA. A core human microbiome as viewed through 16S rRNA sequence clusters. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e34242.
5. Danielsson D, Teigen PK, Moi H. The genital econiche: focus on microbiota and bacterial vaginosis. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2011;1230:48-58.
6. Davis CC, Berg RW. Microbial ecology of the vulva. Dalam: Farage MA, Maibach HI, penyunting. The vulva. Physiology and clinical management. Edisi ke-2. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017.h.22-8.
7. Younes JA, Lievens E, Hummelen R, van der Westen R, Reid G, Petrova MI. Women and their microbes: the unexpected friendship. Trends Microbiol. 2018;26:16-32.
8. Bengtson E, Forney LJ, Nelson DE. The human urogenital microbiome. Dalam: Marchesi JR, penyunting. The human microbiota and microbiome. Oxfordshire: CABI; 2014.h.32-56.
9. Mendling W. Vaginal microbiota. Dalam: Schwiertz A, penyunting. Microbiota of the human body. Implications in health and disease. Switzerland: Springer International Publ; 2016.h.83-94.
10. Hickley RJ, Zhou X, Pierson JD, Ravel J, Forney LJ. Understanding vaginal microbiome complexity from an ecological perspective. Transl Res. 2012;160:267-82.
11. Sadiq ST, Hay P. The vaginal microbiota in health and disease. Dalam: Nibali L, Henderson B, penyunting. The human microbiota and chronic disease: dysbiosis as a cause of human pathology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.h.263-72.
12. Gajer P, Brotman RM, Bai G, Sakamoto J, Schütte UME, Zhong X, dkk. Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:132ra52.
13. Nelson DE, Dong Q, van der Pol B, Toh E, Fan B, Katz BP, dkk. Bacterial communities of the coronal sulcus and distal urethra of adolescent males. PLoS ONE 2012;7(5): e36298.
14. Ravel J, Gajer P, Abdo Z, Schneider GM, Koenig SSK, McCulle SL, dkk. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. PNAS. 2011;108(Suppl. 1):4680–7.
15. Rodriguez-Cerdeira C, Sanchez-Blanco E, Alba A. Evaluation of association between vaginal infections and high-risk human papillomavirus types in female sex workers in Spain. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012.
16. Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type 2: role of smoking, douching, uncircumcised males, and vaginal flora. Sex Trans Dis. 2003;30(5):405-10.
17. Nardis C, Mosca L, Mastromarino P. Vaginal microbiota and viral sexually transmitted diseases. Ann Ig. 2013;25:443-56.
18. Brotman RM, Bradford LL, Conrad M, Gajer P, Ault K, Peralta L, dkk. Association between Trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal bacterial community composition among reproductive-age women. Sex Trans Dis. 2012;39(10):807-12.
19. Cherpes TL, Hillier SL, Meyn LA, Busch JL, Krohn MA. A delicate balance: risk factors for acquisition of bacterial vaginosis include sexual activity, absence of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli, black race, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:78-83.
20. Brotman RM, Ravel J, Cone RA, Zenilman JA. Rapid fluctuation of the vaginal microbiota measured by Gram stain analysis. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86:297-302.
21. Eren AM, Zozaya M, Taylor CM, Dowd SE, Martin DH, Ferris M. Exploring the diversity of Gardnerella vaginalis in the genitourinary tract microbiota of monogamous couples through subtle nucleotide variation. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e26732.
22. Newton ER, Piper JM, Shain RN, Perdue ST, Peairs W. Predictors of the vaginal microflora. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:845–55.
23. Sycuro LK, Fredricks DN. Microbiota of the genitourinary tract. Dalam: Fredricks DN, penyunting. The human microbiota. How microbial communities affect health and disease. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2013.h.167-210.
24. Price LB, Liu CM, Johnson KE, Aziz M, Lau MK, Bowers J, dkk. The Effects of Circumcision on the Penis Microbiome. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(1):e8422.
25. Dinh MH, Fahrbach KM, Hope TJ. The role of the foreskin in male circumcision: an evidence-based review. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011;65:279–83.
26. Dong Q, Nelson DE, Toh E, Diao L, Gao X, Fortenberry JD, dkk. The microbial communities in male first catch urine are highly similar to those in paired urethral swab specimens. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(5):e19709.
27. Nelson DE, van der Pol B, Dong Q, Revanna KV, Fan B, Easwaran S, dkk. Characteristic male urine microbiomes associate with asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(11):e14116.
28. Denny JE, Powell WL, Schmidt NW. Local and long-distance calling: conversations between the gut microbiota and intra and extra-gastrointestinal tract infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016;6:41.
29. Nowak RG, Bentzen SM, Ravel J, Crowell TA, Dauda W, Ma B, dkk. Rectal microbiota among HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV, and treated HIV-infected in Nigeria. AIDS 2017;31:857–62.
30. McHardy IH, Li X, Tong M, Ruegger P, Jacobs J, Borneman J, dkk. HIV Infection is associated with compositional and functional shifts in the rectal mucosal microbiota. Microbiome. 2013;1:26.
31. Hocking JS, Kong FYS, Timms P, Huston WM, Tabrizi SN. Treatment of rectal chlamydia infection may be more complicated than we originally thought. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:961-4.
32. Burgener A, McGowan I, Klatt NR. HIV and mucosal barrier interactions: consequences for transmission and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol. 2015;36:22-30.
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Published
2019-09-09
How to Cite
Indriatmi, W. (2019). PERAN MIKROBIOM PADA INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL. Media Dermato-Venereologica Indonesiana, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v46i3.74
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