DERMATITIS KONTAK ALERGI YANG DIDUGA DISEBABKAN OLEH ZINC OXIDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v53i2.495Keywords:
dermatitis kontak alergi, plester, tes tempel, zinc oxideAbstract
Pendahuluan: Dermatitis kontak alergi (DKA) merupakan reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe IV yang terjadi akibat pajanan berulang terhadap alergen eksogen. Plester medis berbahan adhesive, seperti adhesive bandage dan adhesive tape, diketahui mengandung berbagai komponen kimia, antara lain paraben, colophony (rosin), modified rosin, oxybenzone, diisopropanolamine, dan zinc oxide, yang berpotensi menimbulkan reaksi alergi. Kasus: Seorang pasien mengalami lesi eritematosa dan pruritus pada area pemasangan plester setelah penggunaan dua jenis plester berbeda (Hansaplast® dan Leukoplast®). Diagnosis ditegakkan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan klinis, dan uji tempel (patch test) terhadap kedua produk serta komponen bahan penyusunnya. Diskusi: Uji tempel menunjukkan reaksi positif kuat (++) terhadap kedua jenis plester yang digunakan. Pengujian terhadap komponen spesifik menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap zinc oxide, sedangkan hasil negatif diperoleh pada bahan lain seperti paraben, colophony, dan modified rosin. Terdapat reaksi alergi pada pasien kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh kandungan zinc oxide pada bahan perekat kedua plester tersebut. Zinc oxide, meskipun jarang sebagai alergen, dapat menjadi penyebab DKA pada penggunaan plester adhesive. Simpulan: Identifikasi alergen melalui uji tempel digunakan untuk diagnosis dan pencegahan serta menghindari pajanan ulang dan mencegah kekambuhan.
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