RITME SIRKADIAN DAN KESEHATAN KULIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v51i4.483Keywords:
kesehatan kulit, melatonin, penuaan, perawatan kulit, ritme sirkadianAbstract
Ritme sirkadian mengacu pada ritme fisiologis, metabolisme dan perilaku 24 jam endogen tubuh. Ritme sirkadian dikendalikan oleh pengatur pusat atau jam utama yang terletak di nukleus suprakiasmatik hipotalamus anterior dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh cahaya dan lingkungan. Sinkronisasi jam biologis ritme sirkadian pada tubuh disebut sebagai osilasi. Ritme ini memperlihatkan hubungan fase tertentu dengan siklus terang-gelap atau aktivitas-istirahat melalui sinyal neurohumoral. Misalnya, melatonin yang membawa pesan waktu pada seluruh tubuh mengenai informasi tentang waktu dan musim (fotoperiode). Kulit terdiri atas tiga lapisan yaitu epidermis, dermis, dan hipodermis. Ketiganya berperan penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan atau homeostasis yang diatur oleh ritme sirkadian. Ritme sirkadian pada kulit memiliki fungsi dalam pengaturan proliferasi berbagai jenis sel, yaitu: keratinosit, fibroblas, melanosit, kelenjar sebasea, dan folikel rambut. Sinar Ultraviolet (UV) dapat menyebabkan pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) berlebihan yang secara langsung dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif dalam sel. Penuaan dikaitkan dengan perubahan dalam ritme sirkadian dan peningkatan akumulasi ROS. Perawatan kulit (skin care) berdasarkan ritme sirkadian merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui. Pemahaman mengenai ritme sirkadian pada kesehatan kulit sangat bermanfaat dalam menjaga kondisi kulit agar tetap sehat.
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