TATALAKSANA DERMATITIS RADIASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v53i1.472Keywords:
dermatitis radiasi, radiodermatitis, radiation-induced dermatitis, radioterapiAbstract
Dermatitis radiasi adalah peradangan pada kulit yang diakibatkan oleh radiasi. Dermatitis radiasi merupakan efek samping radioterapi yang paling sering dijumpai. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari solusi terkait dermatitis radiasi, mulai dari teknik radiasi modern yang meminimalisir efek samping, hingga obat-obatan untuk menangani dermatitis radiasi. Walaupun demikian, dermatitis radiasi masih sering dijumpai sehingga menyebabkan efek yang tidak nyaman pada pasien hingga terhentinya pengobatan. Telaah sistematis ini bertujuan untuk membahas berbagai macam tata laksana yang direkomendasikan dalam penanganan dermatitis radiasi.Penelusuran literatur dikerjakan sesuai dengan panduan the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui Pubmed, Cochrane dan Embase dengan mencari studi yang terkait dengan tatalaksana dermatitis radiasi pada radioterapi.Dari penelusuran literatur, didapatkan 63 artikel yang teridentifikasi. Di antaranya, didapatkan sebelas artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 1307 pasien dengan keganasan termasuk dalam studi-studi ini. Terdapat empat metode penanganan dermatitis radiasi, meliputi penggunaan kortikosteroid topikal, penggunaan topikal nonkortikosteroid, penggunaan fotobiomodulasi, dan juga teknik mencuci area radiasi. Luaran yang dinilai pada penelitian ini adalah kejadian dermatitis radiasi derajat >2 , gejala atau keluhan terkait dengan kulit, dan penilaian kualitas hidup pasien. Pasien yang mengalami dermatitis radiasi dapat direkomendasikan pemberian kortikosteroid topikal, penggunaan fotobiomodulasi dan edukasi mengenai teknik mencuci area radiasi yang terbukti mengurangi derajat dermatitis radiasi. Penggunaan topikal nonkortikosteroid masih belum terbukti untuk mengurangi derajat keparahan dermatitis radiasi. Masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menilai perbandingan dua metode yang berbeda dalam menangani dermatitis radiasi.
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