HUBUNGAN PEWARNA SINTETIS TERHADAP KEJADIAN DERMATITIS KONTAK OKUPASIONAL PADA PENGRAJIN KAIN JUMPUTAN PELANGI PALEMBANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v49i3.305Keywords:
dermatitis kontak okupasional, kain jumputan pelangi, pewarna sintetisAbstract
Dermatitis kontak okupasional (DKO) adalah inflamasi kulit akibat paparan alergen atau iritan baik dalam proses maupun lingkungan pekerjaan. Paparan pewarna sintetis pada pengrajin kain jumputan pelangi diduga menyebabkan DKO yang mengganggu kesehatan dan produktivitas kerja. Saat ini belum tersedia data dasar prevalensi DKO, analisis faktor risiko dengan DKO, dan identifikasi dengan alergen dari bahan pewarnai kain penyebab DKO. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi, hubungan pewarna sintetis terhadap kejadian DKO, dan identifikasi bahan pewarna alergen dan iritan penyebab DKO. Metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang pada 149 pengrajin kain jumputan pelangi di Kelurahan Tuan Kentang dan 35 Ilir Palembang selama empat bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner NOSQ 2002, pemeriksaan fisik, dan uji tempel, serta dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 22,0. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan prevalensi DKO sebesar 22,15%, yaitu 13,45% kasus DKIO dan 8,7% kasus DKAO. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis pewarna sintetis terhadap kejadian DKO pada pengrajin kain jumputan pelangi di Palembang (p=0,042). Alergen terkait pekerjaan yang terbanyak memberikan hasil positif pada uji tempel yaitu naftol AS dan naftol AS BO.
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