HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEKERJAAN SEBAGAI TENAGA KESEHATAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DERMATITIS KONTAK AKIBAT KERJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v48i1.165Abstract
Latar belakang: Sebanyak 95% penyakit kulit akibat kerja merupakan dermatitis kontak, yang mencakup dermatitis kontak alergi dan iritan. Beberapa jenis pekerjaan tertentu memiliki frekuensi lebih tinggi untuk terpajan dengan bahan atau aktivitas yang meningkatkan risiko kejadian dermatitis kontak akibat kerja, termasuk tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan antara pekerjaan sebagai tenaga kesehatan dengan kejadian dermatitis kontak akibat kerja melalui pencarian informasi berbasis bukti. Metode: Pencarian artikel dilakukan menggunakan PubMed, Cochrane Library, Proquest dan Scopus dengan kata kunci yang sesuai dengan pertanyaan klinis. Artikel yang diperoleh diseleksi menurut kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang kemudian ditelaah kegunaannya berdasarkan nilai validity, importance, dan applicability. Hasil: Didapatkan dua artikel berupa studi kohort retrospektif dan studi kasus-kontrol. Pada studi kohort retrospektif didapatkan bahwa pekerjaan sebagai tenaga kesehatan memiliki risiko 1,17 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami dermatitis kontak akibat kerja dibandingkan dengan pekerjaan selain tenaga kesehatan (RR 1,17, nilai p <0,001, NNH 3). Hal ini didukung oleh hasil studi kasus-kontrol yang memberikan hasil OR sebesar 2,5, CI 95% 2,08 – 3,02 dan NNH 5. Kesimpulan: Risiko terjadinya dermatitis kontak pada tenaga kesehatan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok pekerja lainnya sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menurunkan angka kejadian tersebut.
Kata kunci :Â Tenaga kesehatan, perawat, dermatitis kontak akibat kerja, dermatitis kontak alergi, dermatitis kontak iritan
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