PERKEMBANGAN TERKINI PEMERIKSAAN DIAGNOSTIK UNTUK FRAMBUSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33820/mdvi.v53i3.560Keywords:
frambusia, radiologi, uji diagnostik, uji laboratoriumAbstract
Frambusia merupakan penyakit tropis terabaikan yang disebabkan oleh Treponema pallidum subspesies pertenue. Frambusia terbagi menjadi tiga stadium dan memiliki fase laten antar stadium. Manifestasi klinis dan karakteristik pasien tidak selalu akurat, sehingga pemeriksaan penunjang diperlukan dalam penegakan diagnosis. Uji diagnostik mencakup pemeriksaan mikroskop lapang pandang gelap, serologi, dan molekular. Pemeriksaan langsung dan serologi tidak dapat membedakan subspesies Treponema penyebab frambusia dengan jenis lainnya. Pemeriksaan molekular bersifat paling spesifik, namun prosedurnya kompleks dan mahal. Pemeriksaan radiologi tidak spesifik, akan tetapi dapat digunakan untuk evaluasi keterlibatan tulang baik pada fase awal penyakit maupun stadium tersiernya. Alat dan teknik diagnosis terus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan akurasi serta menyederhanakan pemeriksaan laboratorium frambusia. Perlu diketahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, kekurangan, dan kelebihan tiap uji laboratorium sebagai dasar pemilihan pemeriksaan. Uji diagnostik frambusia memiliki peranan penting dalam usaha eradikasi frambusia di Indonesia. Penggunaan uji serologi masih menjadi pilihan utama di Indonesia karena ketersediaannya lebih luas dan mudah digunakan.
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